The M939 series 5-ton 6x6 truck is a family of United States military logistical transportation trucks which was designed in the late 1980s and has been in service ever since. About 32,000 M939 series trucks are in service. The M939 series is an improved version of the older M809 Truck series of trucks.
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All models of the M939 share a common basic chassis, motors, armory, etc. The basic truck is a 6x6 (three axles, six sets of tires, all six powered) medium truck. The vehicles have a wide variety of configurations and weights. [1]
Note that the motor and tire specifications, along with other improvements, apply to the A2 versions (and A1 versions) of each base model listed below. There is an M928, an M928A1, and M928A2.
The M939 and M939A1 models use a Cummins NHC 250 diesel engine, producing 250 hp.(685 ft·lbf@1500 rpm). The M939A2 models use a smaller Cummins 6CTA8.3 engine producing 240 hp.(745 ft·lbf@1500 rpm). All models have the same automatic transmission.
The M939 uses 11:00 R20 tires with two tires per side per axle in the rear (rear tandem duals). The M939A1 and M939A2 series use oversized 14:00 R20 tires and rear tandem singles. M939A2 series vehicles use a centralized tire inflation system.
The M939 series includes the following base models:
| Model | Description | Chassis |
|---|---|---|
| M923 | Basic cargo/transport truck with a soft-top cab | 179 in. (454 cm) wheelbase |
| M925 | Same as the M923, but with a 15,000 lb winch on the front | 179 in. (454 cm) wheelbase |
| M927 | Extended-body version of the M-923 | 215 in (546 cm) Extra Long Wheelbase (XLWB) |
| M928 | Same as the M927, but with a 15,000 lb winch on the front | 215 in (546 cm) Extra Long Wheelbase (XLWB) |
| M929 | Dump truck | 167 in. (424 cm) wheelbase |
| M930 | Same as the M929, but with a 15,000 lb winch on the front | 167 in. (424 cm) wheelbase |
| M931 | Tractor-trailer truck | 167 in. (424 cm) wheelbase |
| M932 | Same as the M931, but with a 15,000 lb winch on the front | 167 in. (424 cm) wheelbase |
| M934 | Enclosed van body, often used as a mobile command post | 215 in (546 cm) Extra Long Wheelbase (XLWB) |
| M936 | Wrecker | 179 in. (454 cm) wheelbase |
The safety of the M939 series of trucks has been criticized, especially braking performance and stability when loaded. In 1999 the US Army began refitting anti-lock brake systems to the M939 trucks. Until the trucks were modified, they were limited to a 40 mph (65 km/h) top speed by an Army-wide safety order.
Prior to that improvement, 26% of all Army vehicle accidents and 53% of all Army vehicle accident fatalities were in M939 series trucks. From 1987 to 1998 the series made up 9% of the total US Army vehicle inventory, but accounted for 34% of all fatal accidents. [2]
The problem seemed to be that the torque converter would "lock up" in 2nd gear, and would not unlock easily. When the driver attempted to brake hard, often in a sudden or 'panic' stop, and accidentally locked the brakes (no wheel movement, tires skidding), this would kill the engine; this also killed the power steering, and the driver would suddenly be unable to steer. Too often, the truck would veer sideways and either hit something or roll over.